61) In which condition a scaffold cannot be erected?
Extreme weather (strong wind, rain, ice), ground not stable, safe clearance (minimum 10 feet) can’t be maintained with live wire, certified workers and supervisor are not available, permit not available.
62) What is the minimum overlapping of two adjacent planks in a platform?
Not less than 12 inches
63) What is a guard rail system?
A barrier consisting of top rail and med rails, toe board and vertical up right erected to prevent men and materials falling from an elevated work area.
64) What is a toe board?
Barrier secured along the sides and ends of a platform to guard falling of materials, tools, and other objects.
65) What is the minimum height of a toe-board?
Minimum 4 inches
66) What is the height of the top-rail from the platform?
38 inches to 45 inches
67) What are the requirements in placing an access ladder on a scaffold?
Provide access when scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet above or below a point of access. When using ladders, bottom rung must not be more than 24 inches high. Ladder to be at the correct angle (i.e. Feet out for every 4 feet in height) Ladders are to be tied at both sides not by the rungs. Make sure the ladder extends a safe distance (at least 90cm) above the landing stage. When the horizontal travel distance exceeds 15 meters provide at least two accesses. If the platform is longer, access shall be provided at every 30 meters. The ladder should be free from damage and should be color coded. All access ladders must be tagged.
68) In what circumstances fall protection system has to be used?
If the person could fall more than 1.8 meter then a fall protection system should be used. Example- Any activity at an elevation more than 1.8 meter such as erection, dismantling or maintenance of scaffolding pipes, equipments.
69) What is the minimum width required for a walk-way?
Minimum width of a walk-way is 18 inches.
70) What material’s can be placed on a scaffold platform?
All types of construction materials which are used for particular construction activity can be kept on scaffolding platform but before keeping the materials and tools required for the work on the platform, we must ensure load bearing capacity of that scaffolding platform. The platform shall not be overloaded and shall be fitted with object protection system like toe board nets etc.
71) What are the requirements for working on a moving scaffold?
Mobile scaffolding shall be plumb, level and square. It shall be moved only by manually pushing or pulling the base. No men, equipment, or materials shall be on the working platform or elsewhere on the scaffolding while it is in motion. Castors shall be locked at all times except during scaffold movement. The temporary foundation or truck set on uneven ground for scaffold movement shall be level and properly secured. The height of the working platform shall not exceed 4 times of the minimum base dimension, if it exceeds this limit outriggers must be installed. A complete guard rail system must be provided. The scaffolding shall be inspected and tagged before use by a competent person.
72) When should we inspect scaffold?
Scaffolding shall be inspected and tagged after completing erection. Also before each work period or where they are altered, adjusted to rain or heavy winds. Thereafter the scaffolding shall be examined at least once in every seven days.
73) What is the angle to fixed the Ladder?
The angle of Ladder is 75deg or ¼.
74) What is the space between the two ladder Rungs?
The gape or space is 12inch or 30cm.
75) With what color a ladder can be painted?
Aluminum ladders and wooden ladders shall not be painted.
76) What is a life-line?
Life line is component that consists of a flexible line that connects to an anchorage at one end to hang vertically or that connects to anchorages at both ends to stretch horizontally and which serves as a method to connect component of a personnel fall arrest system to the anchorage.
77) How can we calculate the safe anchorage of a life-line?
When life is used they shall be fastened to fixed safe points of anchorage capable of supporting 2300 kilos shall be independent, and shall be protected from sharp edges and abrasion. Safe anchorage points may include structural members (minimum 4 inches structural member or 4inces pipes) but do not include guard rails, vents, other small dia piping system, electrical conduit, outrigger beams or counter weights. It shall be maid from 10mm dia wire ropes. Horizontal lifelines shall be installed at the highest feasible point, preferable above shoulder height. This life lines shall be maintained with unloaded sag at the centre no longer than 30cm (12inches) for every 10meters of life line length between attachment points.
78) What is lock-out/tag-out system?
For servicing or maintenance of live equipments or pipe lines where the unexpected energizing or release of energy could cause of injury, lock and tag are place on the isolating device to avoid uncontrolled operation and give details of the lock-out schedule.
79) Abbreviation use for safety?
STARRT - Safety Task and Risk Reduction Talk
COSHH - Control of Substance Hazardous to Health
OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration
CFR - Court of Federal Regulation
OHSAS - Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series
ELCB - Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker
GFCI - Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
BSI - British Standard Institute
SWL - Safe Working Load
ANSI - American National Standard Institute
LTI - Lost Time Incident
LMI - Load Movement Indicater
MSDS - Material Safety Data Sheet
TWA - Time Wated Average .
STEL - Short Term Exposure Limit
ERP - Emergency Response Plan
ASTM - American Society for Testing and Material
JSA - Job Safety Analysis
LEL - Lower Explosive Limit
UEL - Upper Explosive Limit
PEL - Permissible Explosive Limit
REL - Recommended Exposure Limit
PSI - Pound per Square Inches (1 bar = 14.7 psi)
STEL - Short Term Exposure Limit
WBGT - Wet Bulb Globe Temperature
APR - Air Purifying Respirator
ASR - Air Supplying Respirator
SCBA - Self Contained Breathing Apparatus
RSO - Radiation Safety Officer
NFPA - National Fire Protection
80) What is the importance of a tool-box meeting?
The workers can be educated about safe work rules and procedures, and their awareness can be improved on some task.
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